Last reviewed: 2 November 2026
Orthodontic treatment moves teeth, and sometimes the jaws, into a different position. This guide covers the basics. It is general information only. A registered dental practitioner can assess your teeth and explain the options that may suit you.
What is orthodontic treatment?
Orthodontic treatment aims to change the position of the teeth, and in some cases the jaws. The Better Health Channel says not all crooked teeth need treatment, and that adults of any age can be treated.
Common types of treatment
The Better Health Channel lists several approaches:
- Fixed braces. Brackets are attached to the teeth and joined by wires.
- Clear aligners. Removable clear trays that are worn for about 20 to 22 hours a day.
- Retainers. Worn after treatment to help hold teeth in their new position.
- Expanders and functional appliances. Used in children while the jaw bones are still growing, to widen the upper jaw or correct bite problems.
- Surgery. In complex cases, surgery may be needed, for example to help buried teeth come through or to correct some jaw problems.
Which approach is suitable depends on your teeth, jaws, age and goals. A practitioner needs to examine you to advise.
Who can provide orthodontic treatment?
The Better Health Channel says orthodontic treatment is provided by orthodontists and some dentists. Orthodontists are dental specialists. Healthdirect says they have an extra three years of training, and you do not need a referral to see one. A general dentist may also provide orthodontic treatment within their competence, according to the Dental Board of Australia, or may refer you. Ask the practitioner about their training and experience with the treatment you are considering. You can check registration and specialist titles on the Ahpra register.
Things to know before you start
The Better Health Channel lists common risks: braces, aligners and retainers make teeth harder to clean, which increases the chance of gum disease, decay and stains; brackets and wires can rub the gums, cheeks, lips or tongue; and teeth can move again after treatment if retainers are not worn. Ask the practitioner to explain the risks and what you will need to do, such as wearing aligners or retainers as directed.
Questions to ask
- What treatment do you recommend, and what are the other options?
- How long is treatment likely to take, and how many visits will I need?
- Who will carry out my treatment?
- What are the risks for me?
- What is the total cost, and what does it include? Ask for a written treatment plan and quote. Ask whether retainers and follow-up visits are included.
- What happens if I miss appointments or need to pause treatment?
- How will I clean my teeth during treatment?
Costs and rebates
Costs vary by practice and by treatment. Healthdirect says there are no standard fees for dental care. Private health insurance extras cover may pay part of the cost, but cover varies, so check with your health fund and use the item numbers from your quote. The Child Dental Benefits Schedule does not cover orthodontic work (Services Australia). See dental costs and payment options.
Find a dentist
Browse practices listed under Orthodontics. Check with the practice what treatment it provides and who provides it.
Sources
- Better Health Channel, Orthodontic treatment: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/orthodontic-treatment
- healthdirect, Orthodontist: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthcare-and-services/roles-and-specialties/orthodontist
- Dental Board of Australia, Scope of practice FAQs: https://www.dentalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines/Know-your-scope/FAQs
- healthdirect, Cost of dental care: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/healthcare-and-services/costs-and-financial-support/cost-of-dental-care
- Services Australia, What’s covered by the Child Dental Benefits Schedule: https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/whats-covered-child-dental-benefits-schedule
- Ahpra, Register of practitioners: https://www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration/Registers-of-Practitioners.aspx
- Dental Board of Australia, Specialist registration: https://www.dentalboard.gov.au/Registration/Specialist-Registration.aspx
- Dental Board of Australia, Scope of practice registration standard: https://www.dentalboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/Scope-of-practice-registration-standard
Check each source for the latest information.
General information, not medical or dental advice. Speak to a registered dental practitioner about your situation.